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Conversion formula
All units convert through metres per second (m/s) as the base unit.
All units convert through metres per second (m/s) as the base unit.
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mph
All units
| Unit | Abbr. | Result | Copy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enter a speed value above to see all conversions. | |||
Speed Context — Visual Zone
Conversions use metres per second (m/s) as the base unit with internationally recognised conversion factors. Light speed uses c = 299,792,458 m/s (exact). Mach 1 uses 340.29 m/s at standard sea-level conditions (15 °C, 1 atm).
| Reference point | mph | km/h | m/s | knots |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🏃 Human | ||||
| Average walking pace | 3.1 | 5.0 | 1.4 | 2.7 |
| Usain Bolt — world record sprint (2009) | 27.8 | 44.7 | 12.4 | 24.2 |
| Elite marathon pace | 13.0 | 20.9 | 5.8 | 11.3 |
| Competitive cyclist (flat road) | 28.0 | 45.1 | 12.5 | 24.3 |
| 🚗 Vehicle | ||||
| School zone / residential speed limit (US) | 25 | 40.2 | 11.2 | 21.7 |
| US interstate highway limit (typical) | 65 | 104.6 | 29.1 | 56.5 |
| European motorway limit (130 km/h) | 80.8 | 130.0 | 36.1 | 70.2 |
| Cheetah — top speed | 75 | 120.7 | 33.5 | 65.2 |
| Formula 1 top speed (approx.) | 230 | 370.1 | 102.8 | 199.8 |
| TGV — high-speed rail record (2007) | 357.2 | 574.8 | 159.7 | 310.4 |
| ✈️ Aviation & Maritime | ||||
| Commercial airliner cruise (Mach 0.85) | 567 | 912.4 | 253.5 | 492.3 |
| Concorde cruise (Mach 2.04) | 1,354 | 2,179 | 605.3 | 1,177 |
| Speed of sound — sea level (Mach 1) | 761.2 | 1,225 | 340.3 | 661.5 |
| SR-71 Blackbird (Mach 3.3) | 2,200 | 3,540 | 983.3 | 1,912 |
| Knot (1 nautical mile per hour) | 1.151 | 1.852 | 0.514 | 1.000 |
| Average container ship | 17.3 | 27.8 | 7.7 | 15.0 |
| 🌌 Natural Phenomena | ||||
| Earth's rotation at equator | 1,040 | 1,674 | 465.1 | 903.8 |
| Earth's orbital speed around Sun | 66,616 | 107,218 | 29,783 | 57,875 |
| Space Shuttle re-entry | 17,500 | 28,164 | 7,823 | 15,200 |
| Speed of light (c) — exact | 670,616,629 | 1,079,252,848 | 299,792,458 | 582,749,918 |
| Force | Description | knots | mph | km/h | m/s | Sea state / land effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Calm | <1 | <1 | <2 | 0–0.2 | Sea mirror-calm. Smoke rises vertically. |
| 1 | Light air | 1–3 | 1–3 | 2–5 | 0.3–1.5 | Ripples. Wind direction shown by smoke. |
| 2 | Light breeze | 4–6 | 4–7 | 6–11 | 1.6–3.3 | Small wavelets. Wind felt on face; leaves rustle. |
| 3 | Gentle breeze | 7–10 | 8–12 | 12–19 | 3.4–5.4 | Large wavelets. Leaves in constant motion. |
| 4 | Moderate breeze | 11–16 | 13–18 | 20–28 | 5.5–7.9 | Small waves. Raises dust and loose paper. |
| 5 | Fresh breeze | 17–21 | 19–24 | 29–38 | 8.0–10.7 | Moderate waves. Small trees sway. |
| 6 | Strong breeze | 22–27 | 25–31 | 39–49 | 10.8–13.8 | Large waves. Large branches in motion. |
| 7 | Near gale | 28–33 | 32–38 | 50–61 | 13.9–17.1 | Sea heaps up. Whole trees in motion. |
| 8 | Gale | 34–40 | 39–46 | 62–74 | 17.2–20.7 | Moderately high waves. Twigs break off trees. |
| 9 | Strong gale | 41–47 | 47–54 | 75–88 | 20.8–24.4 | High waves. Some structural damage. |
| 10 | Storm | 48–55 | 55–63 | 89–102 | 24.5–28.4 | Very high waves. Trees uprooted. |
| 11 | Violent storm | 56–63 | 64–72 | 103–117 | 28.5–32.6 | Exceptionally high waves. Widespread damage. |
| 12 | Hurricane force | ≥64 | ≥73 | ≥118 | ≥32.7 | Air filled with foam and spray. Devastation. |